Gastric Band Surgical

Gastric band surgical treatment is bariatric surgery designed for obese patients with a body mass index of 40 or greater. Also for a body mass index of 35 or greater for patients with certain comorbidities that improve with weight loss, such as sleep apnea, diabetes, osteoarthritis, high blood pressure, or metabolic syndrome, among others. A laparoscopic adjustable gastric band, commonly referred to as a lap band, is an inflatable silicone device that is around the top portion of the stomach, via laparoscopic surgery, in order to treat obesity. Gastric banding is the least invasive surgery of the bariatric surgery solutions kind. Gastric band surgical procedure using laparoscopic surgery and usually results in a shorter hospital stay, faster recovery, smaller scars, and less pain than open surgical procedures. The patient can continue to absorb nutrients from food normally. Gastric bands are made entirely of biocompatible materials, so they are able to stay in the patient’s body without causing harm. However, not all patients are suitable for laparoscopy. Patients who are extremely obese, who have had previous abdominal surgery, or have complicating medical problems may require the open approach. A small incision near the belly button and carbon dioxide is into the abdomen to create a workspace for the surgeon. Then a small laparoscopic camera is through the incision into the abdomen. The camera sends a picture of the stomach and abdominal cavity to a video monitor. It gives the surgeon a good view of the key structures in the abdominal cavity. The surgeon makes a few small incisions in the abdomen. The surgeon watches the video monitor and works through these small incisions using instruments with long handles to complete the procedure. The surgeon creates a small, circular tunnel behind the stomach, inserts the gastric band through the tunnel, and locks the band around the stomach. Clinical studies of laparoscopic bariatric surgery patients found that they felt better, spent more time doing recreational and physical activities, benefited from enhanced productivity and economic opportunities, and had more self-confidence than they did prior to surgery. The placement of the band creates a small pouch, or stoma, at the top of the stomach. This pouch holds approximately ½ cup of food. The pouch fills with food quickly, and the band slows the passage of food from the pouch to the lower part of the stomach. As the upper part of the stomach registers as full, the message to the brain is that the entire stomach is full, and this sensation helps the person to be hungry less often, feel full more quickly and for a longer period, eat smaller portions, and lose weight over time. As patients lose weight, their bands will need adjustments, or “fills,” to ensure comfort and effectiveness. The gastric band adjustment by introducing a saline solution into a small access port placed just under the skin. There are many port designs and they may be placed in varying positions based on the surgeon’s preference, but are always attached through sutures, staples, or another method to the muscle wall in and around the diaphragm.st eaten a large meal—but with just a thumbful of food.

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PREVENTING CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

  (C) PREVENTING CONFLICTS OF INTEREST.—VerDate 0ct 09 2002 13:03 Jun 09, 2010 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00619 Fmt 9001 Sfmt 6601 F:\P11\NHI\COMP\PPACACON.005 HOLCPC
(i) The hospital submits to the Secretary an annual
report containing a detailed description of—
(I) the identity of each physician owner or investor
and any other owners or investors of the
hospital; and
(II) the nature and extent of all ownership
and investment interests in the hospital.
(ii) The hospital has procedures in place to require
that any referring physician owner or investor
discloses to the patient being referred, by a time that
permits the patient to make a meaningful decision regarding
the receipt of care, as determined by the Secretary—
(I) the ownership or investment interest, as
applicable, of such referring physician in the hospital;
and
(II) if applicable, any such ownership or investment
interest of the treating physician.
(iii) The hospital does not condition any physician
ownership or investment interests either directly or
indirectly on the physician owner or investor making
or influencing referrals to the hospital or otherwise
generating business for the hospital.
(iv) The hospital discloses the fact that the hospital
is partially owned or invested in by physicians—
(I) on any public website for the hospital; and
(II) in any public advertising for the hospital.
(D) ENSURING BONA FIDE INVESTMENT.—
(i) The percentage of the total value of the ownership
or investment interests held in the hospital, or in
an entity whose assets include the hospital, by physician
owners or investors in the aggregate does not exceed
such percentage as of the date of enactment of
this subsection.
(ii) Any ownership or investment interests that
the hospital offers to a physician owner or investor are
not offered on more favorable terms than the terms offered
to a person who is not a physician owner or investor.
(iii) The hospital (or any owner or investor in the
hospital) does not directly or indirectly provide loans
or financing for any investment in the hospital by a
physician owner or investor.
(iv) The hospital (or any owner or investor in the
hospital) does not directly or indirectly guarantee a
loan, make a payment toward a loan, or otherwise
subsidize a loan, for any individual physician owner or
investor or group of physician owners or investors that
is related to acquiring any ownership or investment
interest in the hospital.
(v) Ownership or investment returns are distributed
to each owner or investor in the hospital in an
amount that is directly proportional to the ownership
or investment interest of such owner or investor in the
hospital.
(vi) Physician owners and investors do not receive,
directly or indirectly, any guaranteed receipt of
or right to purchase other business interests related to
the hospital, including the purchase or lease of any
property under the control of other owners or investors
in the hospital or located near the premises of the hospital.
(vii) The hospital does not offer a physician
owner or investor the opportunity to purchase or lease
any property under the control of the hospital or any
other owner or investor in the hospital on more favorable
terms than the terms offered to an individual who
is not a physician owner or investor.
(E) PATIENT SAFETY.—
(i) Insofar as the hospital admits a patient and
does not have any physician available on the premises
to provide services during all hours in which the hospital
is providing services to such patient, before admitting
the patient—
(I) the hospital discloses such fact to a patient;
and
(II) following such disclosure, the hospital receives
from the patient a signed acknowledgment
that the patient understands such fact.
(ii) The hospital has the capacity to—
(I) provide assessment and initial treatment
for patients; and
(II) refer and transfer patients to hospitals
with the capability to treat the needs of the patient
involved.
(F) LIMITATION ON APPLICATION TO CERTAIN CONVERTED
FACILITIES.—The hospital was not converted from
an ambulatory surgical center to a hospital on or after the
date of enactment of this subsection.
(2) PUBLICATION OF INFORMATION REPORTED.—The Secretary
shall publish, and update on an annual basis, the information
submitted by hospitals under paragraph (1)(C)(i) on the
public Internet website of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid
Services.
(3) EXCEPTION TO PROHIBITION ON EXPANSION OF FACILITY
CAPACITY.—
(A) PROCESS.—
(i) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary shall establish
and implement a process under which a hospital
that is an applicable hospital (as defined in subparagraph
(E)) or is a high Medicaid facility described in
subparagraph (F) may apply for an exception from the
requirement under paragraph (1)(B). oAs revised by
section 1106(2)(A) of HCERA.
(ii) OPPORTUNITY FOR COMMUNITY INPUT.—The
process under clause (i) shall provide individuals and
entities in the community in which the applicable hospital applying for an exception is located with the opportunity
to provide input with respect to the application.
(iii) TIMING FOR IMPLEMENTATION.—The Secretary
shall implement the process under clause (i) on
February 1, 2012. oAs revised by section
10601(a)(2)(A).
(iv) REGULATIONS.—Not later than January 1,
2012, the Secretary shall promulgate regulations to
carry out the process under clause (i). oAs revised by
section 10601(a)(2)(B).
(B) FREQUENCY.—The process described in subparagraph
(A) shall permit an applicable hospital to apply for
an exception up to once every 2 years.
(C) PERMITTED INCREASE.—
(i) IN GENERAL.—Subject to clause (ii) and subparagraph
(D), an applicable hospital granted an exception
under the process described in subparagraph
(A) may increase the number of operating rooms, procedure
rooms, and beds for which the applicable hospital
is licensed above the baseline number of operating
rooms, procedure rooms, and beds of the applicable
hospital (or, if the applicable hospital has been
granted a previous exception under this paragraph,
above the number of operating rooms, procedure
rooms, and beds for which the hospital is licensed
after the application of the most recent increase under
such an exception).
(ii) 100 PERCENT INCREASE LIMITATION.—The Secretary
shall not permit an increase in the number of
operating rooms, procedure rooms, and beds for which
an applicable hospital is licensed under clause (i) to
the extent such increase would result in the number
of operating rooms, procedure rooms, and beds for
which the applicable hospital is licensed exceeding 200
percent of the baseline number of operating rooms,
procedure rooms, and beds of the applicable hospital.
(iii) BASELINE NUMBER OF OPERATING ROOMS,
PROCEDURE ROOMS, AND BEDS.—In this paragraph, the
term ‘baseline number of operating rooms, procedure
rooms, and beds’ means the number of operating
rooms, procedure rooms, and beds for which the applicable
hospital is licensed as of the date of enactment
of this subsection (or, in the case of a hospital that did
not have a provider agreement in effect as of such date
but does have such an agreement in effect on December
31, 2010, the effective date of such provider agreement).
oAs revised by section 1106(2)(B) of HCERA.
(D) INCREASE LIMITED TO FACILITIES ON THE MAIN
CAMPUS OF THE HOSPITAL.—Any increase in the number of
operating rooms, procedure rooms, and beds for which an
applicable hospital is licensed pursuant to this paragraph
may only occur in facilities on the main campus of the applicable
(E) APPLICABLE HOSPITAL.—In this paragraph, the
term ‘applicable hospital’ means a hospital—
(i) that is located in a county in which the percentage
increase in the population during the most recent
5-year period (as of the date of the application
under subparagraph (A)) is at least 150 percent of the
percentage increase in the population growth of the
State in which the hospital is located during that period,
as estimated by Bureau of the Census;
(ii) whose annual percent of total inpatient admissions
that represent inpatient admissions under
the program under title XIX is equal to or greater
than the average percent with respect to such admissions
for all hospitals located in the county in which
the hospital is located;
(iii) that does not discriminate against beneficiaries
of Federal health care programs and does not
permit physicians practicing at the hospital to discriminate
against such beneficiaries;
(iv) that is located in a State in which the average
bed capacity in the State is less than the national
average bed capacity; and
(v) that has an average bed occupancy rate that
is greater than the average bed occupancy rate in the
State in which the hospital is located.

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