Film Industry

The film industry consists of the technological and commercial institutions of filmmaking: i.e. film production companies, film studios, cinematography, film production, screenwriting, pre-production, postproduction, film festivals, distribution, actors, film directors and other film personnel. Though the expense involved in making movies almost immediately led film production to concentrate under the auspices of standing production companies, advances in affordable film making equipment, and the expansion of opportunities to acquire investment capital from outside the film industry itself, allow independent film production to thrive. Al Christie for David Horsley founded the first movie studio in the Hollywood area, Nestor Studios, in 1911 in an old building on the northwest corner of Sunset Boulevard and Gower Street. In the same year, another fifteen independents settled in Hollywood. Hollywood became strongly associated with the film industry so much so that the word "Hollywood" referred to the entire industry. In 1913, Cecil B. DeMille, in association with Jesse Lasky, leased a barn with studio facilities on the southeast corner of Selma and Vine Streets from the Burns and Revier Studio and Laboratory, which they established there. DeMille then began production of The Squaw Man (1914). The building became the Lasky-DeMille Barn and is now the location of the Hollywood Heritage Museum. In 1917, the Charlie Chaplin Studios, located on the northeast corner of La Brea and De Longpre Avenues just south of Sunset Boulevard, became popular. It has had many owners since 1953, including Kling Studios, which housed production for the Superman TV series with George Reeves; Red Skelton, who used the sound stages for his CBS TV variety show; and CBS, who filmed the TV series Perry Mason with Raymond Burr there. A&M Records belonging to Herb Alpert and Tijuana Brass Enterprises have also owned it. It is currently The Jim Henson Company, home of the Muppets. In 1969, The Los Angeles Cultural Heritage Board named the studio a historical cultural monument. The United States has the oldest film industry, and Los Angeles, California, is the primary nexus of the U.S. film industry.

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Physician Ownership and Other Transparency

SEC. 6001. LIMITATION ON MEDICARE EXCEPTION TO THE PROHIBITION ON CERTAIN PHYSICIAN REFERRALS FOR HOSPITALS.
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 1877 of the Social Security Act (42
U.S.C. 1395nn) is amended—
(1) in subsection (d)(2)—
(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking   and’’ at the end;
(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at the
end and inserting   ; and’’; and
(C) by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:
(C) in the case where the entity is a hospital, the hospital
meets the requirements of paragraph (3)(D).’’;
(2) in subsection (d)(3)—
(A) in subparagraph (B), by striking   and’’ at the end;
(B) in subparagraph (C), by striking the period at the
end and inserting   ; and’’; and
(C) by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:
(D) the hospital meets the requirements described in
subsection (i)(1) not later than 18 months after the date of
the enactment of this subparagraph.’’; and
(3) by adding at the end the following new subsection:
(i) REQUIREMENTS FOR HOSPITALS TO QUALIFY FOR RURAL
PROVIDER AND HOSPITAL EXCEPTION TO OWNERSHIP OR INVESTMENT
PROHIBITION.—
(1) REQUIREMENTS DESCRIBED.—For purposes of subsection
(d)(3)(D), the requirements described in this paragraph
for a hospital are as follows:
(A) PROVIDER AGREEMENT.—The hospital had—
(i) physician ownership or investment on December
31, 2010; and osection 10601(a)(1) amended this
clause by striking ‘February 1’ and inserting ‘August 1’;
section 1106(1) of HCERA further amended this clause
by striking ‘August 1, 2010’ and inserting ‘December
31, 2010’; shown to reflect probable intent.
(ii) a provider agreement under section 1866 in
effect on such date.
(B) LIMITATION ON EXPANSION OF FACILITY CAPACITY.—
Except as provided in paragraph (3), the number of
operating rooms, procedure rooms, and beds for which the
hospital is licensed at any time on or after the date of the
enactment of this subsection is no greater than the number
of operating rooms, procedure rooms, and beds for
which the hospital is licensed as of such date.

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